The Social Hierarchy Of Julius Caesar - 863 Words

In every sense of life, there is a hierarchy. Every single being is constantly being compared to one another until either or comes out on top. In the play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, there is no denying the clear social hierarchy presented in the Roman Empire. Undoubtedly, the dictator of Rome, Julius Caesar, sits at the very top of the social hierarchy at this time. Similarly to Caesar, Jean-Paul Marat, a politician during the French Revolution of 1789, is also considered on the more elite half of the social hierarchy during that time. The social status’ of these two men didn’t make them any less susceptible to very real problems, including physical disabilities, murder and incontrol of what happens after death. No matter what a†¦show more content†¦On the other hand, Marat was stabbed only once by a woman named Charlotte Corday. In The Death Of Marat, a single puncture can be seen on his chest, with a scarce amount of blood running down his torso, not nea rly enough to be bathed in like Caesar was (David). Both of these men died at the hands of another human by the act of getting stabbed. After the murder of Caesar and Marat, the two would come to be portrayed in a certain manner. Because of their status, these portrayals had long lasting effects when compared to the death of someone lower in the social hierarchy. In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, Brutus allows Marc Antony to speak on Caesars behalf in front of the citizens of Rome. Marc Antony says â€Å"He was my friend, faithful and just to me [...]When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept† (Shakespeare. III. ii. 85, 91). The word choice, such as â€Å"faithful† and â€Å"wept†, portray Caesar as kind and vulnerable. Antony also adds â€Å"Here is the will, and under Caesars seal./ To every Roman citizen he gives, /To every several man, seventy-five drachmas.† (Shakespeare III. ii. 240-243). After these statements made by Antony, the people of Rome see Caesar as a once worthy human being who cared about them. Marc Antony paints Caesar in a way that influences the Romans to mourn, in stead of celebrate, his death. This change of opinion causes the Romans to hate theShow MoreRelatedThe Assassination of Julius Caesar1325 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Roman Empire ruled with superiority and ruthlessness. The powerful Roman empire became a mirror of civilization of authority, strength to fear, dictatorship, and voraciousness. These powerful aristocrats were emperors, sat on the top of Rome’s social order, but many of these emperors abused their status and ability. Roman emperors’ history was all mixed ingredients of love, assassination, vengeance, terror, voracity, jealousy, and haughtiness. The first century AD of the Roman Empire became aRead MoreThe Manipulative Tactics Of Hitler And Mark Anthony1414 Words   |  6 Pageshistory, notorious world leaders have risen using manipulation. Hitler used manipulation to gain favor of citizens in Germany. Like Hitler, Mark Anthony manipulated Brutus to kill Julius Caesar on his way to the top. Hitler’s manipulation of the German people parallels that of Mark Anthony in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar. Manipulation is the influence cast among the victim that aims to change their views and attitudes (Schultz). The goal of the manipulator is to socially influence the victim. TheRead MoreJulius Caesar : A World s Most Influential And Powerful Military And Political Leaders1595 Words   |  7 PagesGaius Julius Caesar is considered to be one of the world’s most influential and powerful military and political leaders. Born into a wealthy and old aristocratic family on July 13 of the year 100, it was expected of Caesar to assume office in pursuit of an ordinary career in Roman politics. However, Caesar was not an ordinary person. Instead, he climbed up the political ladder by marrying into a wealthy family, assumed important military positions that heightened his status, and advocated for keyRead MoreRoman Empire vs. Roman Rebublic Essay900 Words   |  4 PagesThough the roman empire and the roman republic vary in their political structures they are quite common in the struc tures of their social hierarchy and reasoning for their downfalls. The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire highly differ in their political structures. The republic: created in 509 BCE. was a form of representative democracy. It consisted of 2 consuls of which were appointed by the senate and then voted on. These consuls were the head officers and the were appointed for one yearRead MoreThe Classical Romans And The Roman Civilization1202 Words   |  5 Pagesknew that those things worked, but they were scared to try new things because they thought it wouldn’t work as good. The ancestors that were faithful to the society were supposed to give something back to society that they had learned. The social hierarchy was needed for fairness. Besides the king, the aristocrats were considered to be the highest. They were looked at as being very superior to everybody else and many people highly respected them. Aristocrats were very wealthy people who led andRead MoreThe Roman Republic And The Civil War2122 Words   |  9 Pageswar in 49 BC. The boundaries of acceptable behaviour were stretched by politicians such as Caesar and Pompey and as a result new perilous precedents were set. Violence along with the use of an army became a political tool in the domestic, political sphere. The civil war laid on the foundations that constitutional methods proved ineffective in the face of an inadequate aristocratic government and therefore Caesar and the senate lead by Pompey used violence and rebellion against each other in an attemptRead MoreAssess The Causes And Consequences Of The Civil War2481 Words   |  10 Pageswar in 49 BC. The boundaries of acceptable behaviour were stretched by politicians such as Caesar and Pompey and as a result new perilous precedents were set. Violence along with the use of an army became a political tool in the domestic, political sphere. The civil war laid on the foundations that constitutional methods proved ineffective in the face of an inadequate aristocratic government and therefore Caesar and the senate lead by Pompey used violence and rebellion against each other in an attemptRead MoreAnalysis Of Julius Caesar s The Tale Without Felling A Sense Of Reverence For The Man 2152 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"VENI VIDI VICI,† or, â€Å"I CAME, I SAW, I CONQUERED.† These are probably some of the most ludicrous yet impressive words that can be articulated from the tongue. It is reassuring to note that undoubtedly these were the exact words uttered by Julius Caesar, for they seem to sum him up perfectly. Not only was he successful in conquering the ancient world, but his name resonated through the medieval and modern wor lds also, and has not failed to fascinate the one present today. Very few people can readRead MoreThe Romans Once Proud And Established Society Who Valued1300 Words   |  6 Pagesbody of old distinguished men who were members of Rome’s noble families (Backman, Cultures of the West, p.177). These offices were usually held for 1 year and a person would need to be re-elected (Backman, Cultures of the West, p.177). Roman social Hierarchy divided the factions into 3 groups the patricians- aristocrats who could trace their families back to the first senate, the equestrians- aristocrats of a lesser order who originated as the earlies roman Calvary, and the plebeians- all other freeRead MoreThe Effectiveness of Octavian in Enlisting Senatorial Support for his New Administration in the Period 30 to 19 BC.2342 Words   |  10 PagesGaius Octavius, a senator, but was the adopted son of Julius Caesar. Essentially Octavian, or Augustus as he became known as in 27BC, was a conservative republican. This is shown by Res Gestae Divi Augusti (literally the achievements of the Divine August) paragraph 8: I brought back into use many exemplary practises of our ancestors which were disappearing in our time. And also by Suetonius The Twelve Caesars, Augustus, chapter 93: Augustus showed great respect

The Holocaust A Despicable Time - 1724 Words

In situations of crises, people can have different reactions; some people might be destroyed by the hardships associated with being forcefully imprisoned in concentration camps, others may transcend above these crises through their strengths. In fact, many people in the Holocaust reacted differently; some by rising above with strength and determination while others exiled their faith to the shadows forever. Throughout history, several different reactions have been accounted for but some do not take the time to think of why survivors reacted in the manner that they did. By doing this, many people will gain greater insight on just how devastating the Holocaust was, even though some chose to make light out of darkness. Therefore, though the Holocaust is a despicable time in history, many chose to write memoirs about it in order to share their tales of both devastation and conquer to all who were unaware of the Holocaust’s significant affect on people (since many chose to turn the ir heads the other way while this was happening.) Overall, there were mixed reactions regarding the Holocaust, some using it to make themselves stronger, while others were severely affected; suffering from blows that would never heal. In the event of a massive crisis, like the Holocaust, many people are left devastated as a result. Some people, however, are left with scars that cannot be healed, which leaves their lives spiraling downwards. For example, Meri Katz says, â€Å"Shlomo, IShow MoreRelatedThe Holocaust and The Final Solution Plan Essay622 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holocaust, it’s such a horrific topic. Why do we study this? The answer I will give at the end of this essay, although, there are many ways people look at the holocaust, different opinions that people have, different understandings. This is my understanding. Holocaust. (The Greek word meaning Whole (Holo), and burnt (Caust). The name although sad, is quite an appropriate name for this event in history, because the Jewish people’s spirt, was almost entirely â€Å"Burnt†. Hitler’s rise to power beganRead MoreHolocaust Paper997 Words   |  4 PagesocausRonald Payne April 1, 2012 English B Ms. Gordon English Holocaust Paper The Holocaust was one of the largest genocides in the history of the world. An estimated amount of over 11 million people were killed over that Dark Age in human history. All caused by the horrid visions of one man Adolf Hitler. The Holocaust to me is proof that widespread chaos can be caused by ill set speeches. Adolf was said to be one of the best speakers of his age. He convinced hundredsRead MoreNegligence in Reporting the Jewish Holocaust1123 Words   |  4 Pages The Jewish Holocaust, one of the most horrific mass murders in human history, took place from January 30, 1933 until May 8, 1945. Hitler blamed the Jewish population for Germany’s downfalls at the time, and his anti-Semitic views eventually led Germany to create a complicated scheme of Jewish extermination. Over six million Jewish lives were lost in this mass murder. America, usually portrayed as the country that lends a helping hand to all nations in desperate need, did absolutely nothing to aidRead More The Holocaust and the Cambodian Genocide: Similar or different? How about Both?880 Words   |  4 Pagesimplements extremely discriminatory laws and finds reasons to kill anyone who dares oppose him. The Holocaust and the Cambodian genocides are remarkably similar, and yet strikingly different. The Holocaust was an attempt to wipe out all Jews and other minorities such as gypsies and handicapped people. The Cambodian genocide, led by Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge, was in some ways a mirror image of the Holocaust, but it happened forty-two years later. On the other hand, there are many more that one distinctionRead MoreGenocides Have Been Going On For Many Years Whether People1127 Words   |  5 Pages causing serious bodily harm or mental harm to a member of said group. Killing all those innocent people for being from a certain religion or a certain place is just wrong. Take the Holocaust that happened in 1933-1945, another event that is quite like the genocide is the Armenian Genocid e or â€Å"The Armenian Holocaust† The Armenian Genocide The Armenian Genocide began in the year of 1915 in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Armenian being an independent entity and one of the first nation who made ChristianityRead MoreMein Kampf by Adolf Hitler1077 Words   |  5 PagesThe Holocaust was a despicable event that had dimmed the light of societal humanity throughout from the early nineteen thirties to the mid nineteen forties. As the years passed, historians scanned through the remaining evidence from this era in order to reveal the details of this sickening massacre to the publics eye. Teachers throughout the nation have made certain to cover all aspects of this event in history class. However, students would often dutifully question this continuous effort. Why shouldRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Holocaust1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust is, by definition, a tragedy. HaShoah, the Hebrew word for the Holocaust, translates to â€Å"the catastrophe.† The very notion of humor during the Holocaust may seem incongruo us, appalling, and wildly inappropriate. Tragedy is seen as serious, while comedy is typically lighthearted in nature. However, there is precedence for ‘comic relief,’ the presence of humor in tragedy with the desired effect to relieve tension. Frequently, comic relief is used so that tragedy does not overshadow usRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1267 Words   |  6 Pagesexample, would be World War II and the power of the Nazi army. Of course situation like these are not always fictional. In Shirley Jackson’s â€Å"The Lottery,† the people of the town submit to their economic status and knowingly turn a blind eye to the despicable actions that take place in their town. This suggests that â€Å"The Lottery† can be view through the Historical and Marxist lens and it displays how war and turning a blind eye became a common occurrence in society and how it was better to stay quietRead MoreThe Holocaust : 86 Years Later1534 Words   |  7 Pages THE HOLOCAUST: 70 YEARS LATER Sacrifice by fire. The Greek definition of the word Holocaust still serves as a haunting reminder of the tragic campaign waged by the Nazis during World War II, and their â€Å"systematic, state-sponsored persecution and murder† of six million Jews and others who didn’t fit the specific vision or â€Å"perfect race.† Adolf Hitler, the known anti-Semitic Nazi leader, viewed the Jews as an inferior race and threat to what he viewed as racial purity. Under the guise of the war,Read MoreAnalysis Of An Eye Who Is The Whole World Go Blind 1280 Words   |  6 Pageswhole world go blind.† - Ghandi. The story of Dawn reinforces this well-known quote by demonstrating the heavy silence of murder and it’s feeble justifications. A few years after the Holocaust, one of it’s victims, Elisha, is recruited from his home in Paris as a terrorist in the city of Palestine. In his short time there, he has participated in violent group retaliation against the British, yet has never been forced to kill individually- until now. This story documents the tale of a young boy’s

New Imperialism in Africa Free Essays

What was new imperialism? New Imperialism refers to the colonial expansion adopted by Europe’s powers and, later, Japan and the United States, during the 19th and early 20th centuries; from the Franco-Prussian War to World War I The period is distinguished by an unprecedented pursuit of what has been termed â€Å"empire for empire’s sake,† aggressive competition for overseas territorial acquisitions and the emergence in colonizing . 2. Define the white man’s burden and the scramble for Africa?The white man’s burden was a term used to describe when the Europeans decided to colonize Africa and then went on to spread the Christian religion and spread the idea of democracy to the heathens of the African continent. We will write a custom essay sample on New Imperialism in Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Scramble for Africa, also known as the Race for Africa, was the proliferation of conflicting European claims to African territory during the New Imperialism period, between the 1880s and World War I in 1914. 3. What were the criticisms of the New Imperialism?The negative effect of new imperialism was the fact that Africa was divided among the natural boundaries and not by the cultural boundaries affecting Africa in the long run and also stripping Africa of all their natural resources and destroyed their government. 4. How did the Berlin Conference affect Africa? The 14 European powers that held this conference had no considerations of the peoples of Africa. They had decided to split Africa based on environmental boundaries and not on the tribal boundaries which would later case war and the dysfunctional government that Africa had today. How to cite New Imperialism in Africa, Papers

Catching Dreams Essay Example For Students

Catching Dreams Essay Dreams are a window into the mind. These may be our most elaborate, distinctive, revealing, and flamboyant creations; they have fascinated us for thousands of years. The Egyptians built temples for dreaming. The oracles of Greece pondered cryptic dreams as the â€Å"royal road to the unconscious.† Dreams allow us to view beyond that which we are and know in daily life; they hint of other dimensions of space and time. What do dreams really mean? Are they mirrors of your days, tunnels into pauses of the unconscious, or no more than the chance results of biological changes in the brain? No one knows the complete answer yet, but dream researchers are learning more and more about the reasons why we tell ourselves stories as we sleep, and how these tales reflect and relate to waking life. Dreaming is a product of the brain and its activity. Whether a person is awake or asleep, the brain continuously gives off electrical waves that can be measured by an electroencephalograph. At most times during sleep, the brain waves are large and slow. But at certain times, they become smaller and faster. During periods of fast brain waves, the eyes move more rapidly–this is known as Rapid Eye Movement, or REM sleep. Most dreams occur in REM sleep. During REM sleep, the pathways that carry the nerve impulses from the brain to the muscles are blocked. Therefore, the body does not move much during dreams.Actually, it has been said that the body lies completely still during REM sleep. Also, the cerebral cortex (the part of the brain involved in higher mental functions) is much more active during REM seep than during non-dreaming sleep. The reports of the dreams that fill our nights become more interesting and intriguing as days go by, but they sidestep a very fundamental question: Why are we dreaming at all?Traditional psychologists and psychiatrists may say that dreams are the arena in which we parade and encounter fears and wishes banished from daytime thoughts. But two Harvard psychiatrists, J. Allen Hobson, M.D., and Robert McCarley, M.D., believe that dreams are caused by stimulation of the brain, and that neurons and neurotransmitters, not buried memories and pains, are the â€Å"stuff† of which dreams are made of. But out of all theories before his own, and of all these theories thought today, Sigmund Freuds is the one that stands out the most. He believed that a dream represented an ongoing wish along with the previous days activities.They may even portray wishes that have been inside us since early childhood. In fact, he believed, every dream is partially motivated by a childhood wish. Another interesting idea was that nothing is fabricated during a dream and that they are biologically determined, derived completely from instinctual needs and personal experiences. Another psychologist whose theories never went unnoticed and did, as well, stir many opinions in the Dream field was Carl Jung. Jung disagreed with Freuds theories stating that the most effective method of dream interpretation was the use of series correlation. Series correlation is a process involving the analysis of dreams over a period of time. Jung suggested taking similar dreams and mounting them together to form a bigger dream in which then you begin to correlate any waking experiences with the images in your dreams.Like Freud, Jung categorized the mind into three parts: the collective unconscious, the personal unconscious, and the conscious. However, putting aside Freud and Jung, Hobos and McCarley beliefs on dreams are a bit different. According to the Harvard psychiatrists, dreams may be nothing more than the thinking brain’s effort to make sense of confusing signals from the brain regions involved in REM sleep. They view dreams as the psychological accompaniment of biological and chemical changes in the brain stem. .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd , .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .postImageUrl , .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd , .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd:hover , .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd:visited , .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd:active { border:0!important; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd:active , .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd7b2c171e609133a88f89cdaa6359cd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Final Exam Story EssayMany believe that dreams are a way to get in touch with who we are and why we are here. They can give us answers to questions and solutions to problems. Dreams make us aware of underlying feelings and situations. But despite all these different thoughts and views on dreaming, there is still no proven fact on WHY we dream which is why there are so many opposing views on the topic. Whichever theory is true, we may never know, but from all the thoughts and ideas previously mentioned we can begin to decide for ourselves what we believe to be true and further help us into understanding our dreams.

Ethics game dilemmas free essay sample

Life is all about choices we make in accordance to the circumstances presented to us. What matters is how ethical those choices are in relation to the situation. In general we follow a five-step decision model to arrive to conclusions while balancing it all out through the eyes of different lenses. This is called the Baird method of ethical decision. Dr. Catharyn A. Baird developed it. In the current game of dilemmas we are accessing two cases. the case of mysterious roses and the cold feet. In the case of mysterious roses am depicted as director of sales. Who is possibly handling a situation revolving around possible harassment. Gayle Dornier had been receiving anonymous flowers and another employee (Bill Witherspoon) is suspected of being responsible. Gayle has requested me for a personal meeting regarding a confidential matter. The ethical issue presented here is how to ensure that Gayle can talk about what happened while meeting your responsibility as a manager to treat all employees fairly in an investigation. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethics game dilemmas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To arrive to my decision I followed different steps in the Baird model. By being attentive to what was happening in regards to the situation. After I used being intelligent to determine my stakeholders while looking at the big picture of what was the exact problem. In the next step, be reasonable I examined the situation using different lenses. Where I determined what would make each stakeholder happy while keeping my responsibilities in mind. The next step is being responsibility where I make my choice after which I reflect on my choice using different lenses. These lenses are rights and responsibilities lens, result lens, relationship lens or the reputation lens. I used two lenses namely rights/ responsibility and result lens to access the situation. The rights/ responsibility lens helps us take a decision rationally as I allow Gayle to maintain responsibility for her own actions while fulfilling my duties. On the other hand result lens is tilted towards sensibility as I encouraged Gayle to talk about the problem so that she can be helped. The stimulation poses great impact towards workplace as it will be impacting the environment and thus affecting the employ efficiency it might also lead to lawsuits so we have to be very careful and considerate while dealing with such kind of situation. The case of cold feet depicts me as a senior scientist. Where after reviewing a report from Philip Waters and further investigation including the information of adverse results from Nikolai Zubanov I realize that am dealing with false reporting in regards to the research. The main issue for me is how to balance action to resolve a false report and preserve integrity for both peers and the organization. This will be leading to a process where I have all my option so that I can choose the best ethical path. In the current situation we will be following the same decision making steps. After looking into all the details carefully we will be determining the stakeholders and what basic liberties they have. When it comes to such situations being responsible generally means being courageous. These are the situations where our job demands that we follow the ethical values entitled upon us. In the current stimulation we used relationship lens and compared it to reputation lens to arrive at our decision. The relationship lens tilts our decision towards justice. I can do this by following the letter of the policy by confronting your colleague and then going to the Chief Legal Officer. On the other hand reputation lens bend our decision towards sensibility in other words mercy as I gave my colleague the benefit of the doubt and worked with the CLO to find an appropriate solution. The concepts of this stimulation will greatly impact my workplace as it puts company’s reputation at stake. My decision will be protecting the company and the people involved and could lead to both either formal or informal investigation. Such decisions are important as if ignored they can put the whole company and its people in jeopardy. To conclude the lessons we have learnt. Every situation demands us to very reasonable and ethical in how we make our decisions. We can follow the five-step process model (being attentive, being intelligent, being reasonable, being responsible and being reflective) and look at the situation with different lenses (rights/responsibility, result, relationship and reputation). Sometimes the choices might be hard and require courage. And as we make these decisions we develop our ethical mastery, and the capability to differentiate between right and wrong. And we also learn that when you have the power its up to you to be fair and see that all the people involved get their justice.

Free sample - Abuse of elderly. translation missing

Abuse of elderly. Abuse of elderlyIntroduction This paper defines abuse of elderly giving its categories. It also gives risk factors of elderly abuse, the causes of the abuse and the consequences of elderly abuse. Abuse of elderly This is any act occurring in a relationship where there exist an implication of trust resulting in harm to an older person if form of financial, physical social or sexual abuse and neglect in community or institutional care (Saunders L.2008). Categories of abuse include physical, emotional, sexual, financial, neglect and abuse by system as explained hereunder. Physical abuse is the infliction of pain (injury), physical coercion, or physical or drug induced restraint to an older person. Emotional and verbal abuse is the discrimination based on the age, insults as well as hurtful words, denigration, intimidation, false accusations, psychological pain and distress. Financial abuse is extortion and control of pension money, theft of property and exploitation of older people to force them to care for grandchildren or it is the illegal or improper exploitation or use of funds or resources of the older person. Sexual abuse is incest, rape and other types of sexual coercion or it is non-consensual sexual contact of any kind with the older person. Neglect is the loss of respect for elders, withholding of affection, and lack of interest in the older person’s well-being. Accusations of witchcraft are the stigmatization and os tracization to elderly person. Abuse by systems is the dehumanizing treatment older people are liable to suffer at health clinics and pension offices, and marginalization by the government. (Abuse of elderly) The risk factors for elderly abuse Individual factors: physically aggressive abusers have personality disorders and alcohol-related problems than the general population .Cognitive and physical impairments of the abused person are strongly identified in early studies as risk factors for abuse. Relationship factors: The studies involving caregiver stress, Alzheimer disease and elder abuse suggest that the nature of the relationship between the caregiver and the care recipient before abuse begins is an important predictor of abuse. Stress is a contributing factor in cases of abuse. Community and societal factors: The systems of patrilineal and matrilineal inheritance and land rights affect the distribution of power; the societies’ view the role of women; the erosion of bonds between generations of a family, caused by rural to urban migration and the growth in formal education and the loss, through modernization, of the traditional domestic, ritual and family arbitration roles of older people. Domestic settings: ev idence from studies in developed countries show that a higher proportion of abused elderly people suffer from depression or psychological distress than do their non-abused peers. Other symptoms associated with cases of abuse include feelings of helplessness, alienation, guilt, shame, fear, anxiety, denial and post-traumatic stress. This mistreatment can cause severe interpersonal stress leading to death. Institutions: various people are responsible for the abuse in institutions: a member of the staff, resident, a voluntary visitor, relatives or friends where the prevailing regime of the institution itself is abusive or negligent. (Elder mistreatment). The spectrum of abuse and neglect within institutions spans a considerable range, and are to the following: The provision of care for example, resistance to changes in geriatric medicine, erosion of individuality in the care, inadequate nutrition and deficient nursing care, problems with staffing for example, work-related stress and staff burnout, poor physical working conditions, insufficient training and psychological problems among staff, difficulties in staff ,resident interactions   for example, poor communication, aggressiveness on the part of residents and cultural differences, environment for example, a lack of basic privacy, dilapidated facilities, the use of restraints, inadequate sensory stimulation, and a proneness to accidents within the institution, organizational policies for example, those that operate for the benefit of the institution, giving residents few choices over daily living; bureaucratic or unsympathetic attitudes towards residents; staff shortages or high staff turnover; fraud involving residents’ possessions or money; and lack of a residents’ council or residents’ family council. Anecdotal evidence from India suggests that institutional abuse is often perpetuated by staff through a system of unquestioning regimentation. (Abuse of elderly). Complex factors contributing to elderly abuse include factors such as drug or alcohol problems in the abuser, negative attitude towards the older person, the history of family violence, high dependency of older person on others for their care, intergenerational family violence and stress of ill equipped and poorly supported career (Saunders L.2008). Causes of abuse Social isolation or lack of support can contribute to abuse or neglect; the sufferers of abuse in these situations are unwilling to join programs that encourage social interaction. The role of ageism, discrimination against and stigmatization of older people can cause elder abuse. The marginalization of the elderly is a contributory factor. Prevention strategies Measures that may be useful include the following:   the development and implementation of comprehensive care plans; training for staff; policies and programs to address work related stress among staff; the development of policies and programs to improve the physical and social environment of the institution. (Abuse of elderly) The consequences of elder abuse Older people are physically weaker hence more vulnerable than younger adults since their bones are more brittle and convalescence takes longer. Minor injury can cause serious and permanent damage. Many older people survive on limited incomes hence the loss of even a small sum of money can have a significant impact. They may be isolated, lonely and troubled by illness in which case they are more vulnerable as targets for the fraudulent schemes. (Catherine C. 2006). Indicator of elderly abuse Physical indicators include complaints of being physically assaulted, unexplained falls and injuries, burns and bruises while behavioral and emotional indicators are: change in eating pattern, sleep problems, fear and confusion.   The sexual indicators are complaints of being sexually assaulted, frequent complaints of abdominal pain and unexplained vaginal or anal bleeding and genital infections. (Abuse of elderly) Conclusion The problem of elder abuse cannot be properly solved if the essential needs of older people such as food, shelter, security and access to health care are not met. The nations of the world must create an environment free of abuse and exploitation to elderly people gives them opportunities to participate fully in educational cultural, spiritual and economic activities.

The Bloom Box Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

The Bloom Box - Essay Example The company uses fuel cells, which are not a new form of technology. In addition, the use of methane and oxygen to create energy is comparable to natural gas production plants. In the end, I believe that the technology was merely overhyped, and is not as revolutionary as the media presents it, neither is it better than other green energy forms. Despite the criticism it faces, the company still has a bright future considering the green technology advancements it promotes. Its technologies represent the future of energy production as they have the necessary expertise. Although the company does not necessarily provide new energy technology, it provides a better service that is more efficient than that of other green-source energy producers. Even so, Microsoft’s new fuel cell partner, Redox Power (Mick 1), seeks to advance the technology that Bloom Box provides. In the end, competition in the market is beneficial for both consumers and the

Strategy of Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Strategy of Samsung - Essay Example The ultimate aim was to make Samsung a premium brand - one that, like Sony, would not have to compete on price. Steadily, it started building initiatives for transforming itself into a global brand and consolidates its presence in global markets. Samsung Company was established in 1969 as the flagship company of Samsung Corporation. After LG (Lucky Goldstar) and Daewoo, it was ranked the third largest player in the Korean electronics market. The Samsung Group comprises of The six elements of Samsung organization (Strategy, policies, structure, systems Climate, and culture) dynamically affect one another. Each element interacts with the environment as a business strives towards its goals. The problem definition/action planning process requires that a manager look at all six elements of the organizational model to determine which action levels will exist to implement positive change. If he environment changes, the organizational elements must adapt No organization exists in isolation. Every organization exists in an environment where it interacts with, and is influenced by, the general public, specific groups (whether they be customers, clients, suppliers, pressure groups, etc) and/or various government bodies. The organization is also affected by the economic, political, legal, social, technological and international variables of the times. All managers, whether they work in the public or private sector, operate in the same external environment. They face common pressures that the environment exerts on them. However, the nature of their work and the type of organization they work for will determine how these common environmental factors are perceived - whether they are seen as positive or negative, threats or opportunities. (Yvonne 15) Strategy is the most exciting part of manager's work in an organization because it gives the chance to put all his new skills to work. Strategic thinking involves a comprehensive analysis of a business in relation to its industry, its competitors, and the business environment in both the short- and the long-term. Ultimately, strategy is a company's plan to achieve its goals. Corporate managements often do not know clearly what they want or how they'll get there. Corporations need well thought-out strategic plans or inevitably they will become victims of the marketplace instead of being the victors who shape it. As well as being aware of the influence of the external

Educational Differences as a Result of Governmental Measures Essay

Educational Differences as a Result of Governmental Measures - Essay Example If education is not taken seriously, it can have very stark outcomes. The educational differences actually start this discussion which can culminate in a number of ramifications. When children are treated differently as per their educational realms, they have a sense of inferiority complex attached to their personalities. They believe it is their right to be on par with the very best and the authorities concerned should ensure the very same (Sharp, 2011). However, this sadly happens, which opens up a plethora of problems for society at large. Since educational differences become manifested within the lives of the people as well, it is only natural to think of it in a very serious manner. When the educational differences are understood from a narrowed down perspective, one finds out that the issue stems from the very top. The role of the government in chalking down proper policies and formulating rules is a missing ingredient of this discussion. They should do their homework well so that there are no anomalies which come about all the same. However, this rarely happens which essentially means that the children are left behind and they lack in having a positive attitude within the varied spheres of the society. The government can enact such measures and coin regulations which will have a direct impact on the educational realms that exist within any society of the world. There must never be a difference, to begin with, such a discussion. This is because education is a right of everyone and no one can deny the very same to anyone (Author Unknown, 2012). What is even more distressing is to know that the educational differences take the backburner of a number of policy mat ters.

The Importance Of Moral Philosophy

The Importance Of Moral Philosophy Moral philosophy is very important to the success of an individual. Rational knowledge has two components. These components are material and formal. Formal knowledge is not object oriented, and is based on reason. Formal knowledge is logic, or the laws of thought. Material knowledge is object oriented, and has two components. These two components are natural and moral. Natural law is physics. It determines what is the case, and how things behave in nature. On the other hand, moral law determines what things ought to be. Morality is something humans think about, and is not based on physiological factors. Now that we have a little background of knowledge and moral law, let me tell you why you should lead a moral life. Even though morality is not imposed upon you, it is about humanity. And, while it may not seem fair, in reality, morality is judged by humans. So, if you are immoral, other people will be the ones that notice that you are immoral, and that can hurt personal relationships. One way that I have succeeded throughout my career is by knowing and being friends with a lot of people. The practical side of life is based on interpersonal relationships. Whether it be social or business, communicating with people is the only way to get things done. There is no way that you can go through life in todays society without getting along with people. If people think that you are immoral, than they will not respect you, or be willing to work with you. Again, it may seem like it is not fair because you know that no one is one hundred percent moral, and if someone doesnt respect you because you are immoral, than they are hypocritical. But, when it comes to moral issues, the reality of the world is that people are hypocritical. They feel it is okay for them to do it, but not okay for anyone else. Think about it, how many times have you said, I cant believe that he did that; hes a jerk. Knowing the entire time that you have done the same thing. You may say, Who cares! Im here to tell you that one day you might care. Let me give you and example. After I completed a business venture that made me over one million dollars, I learned that the only reason I received the job was because the man I was competing against had cheated on his wife. Well, the company offering the job decided that they couldnt trust this man because of his immoral activity. So, to answer your question, I care. And for that matter, I bet if you were involved in this situation, you would care. Now I want to tell you an obvious reason why you should care. This may be so obvious that you overlooked it. Many of our nations laws are based on moral issues. For instance, you cant hurt another human; you cant steal from another human; and you cant kill another human being. Now, you may say, I already know this! But, if everybody knew this, would we need jails? Let me ask you a question. How successful can you be in jail? My point with this question is to get you to realize that you cant be successful in jail. Nobody grows up saying that they cant wait to go to jail because they know that it is the place to be. Nobody says that if they could just get in jail they know that they could be the best prisoner, and could have the biggest cell. This may be taking immorality to an extreme, but it happens. An immoral life could send a person to jail. I can tell you some of the consequences of an immoral life, but I cant make you be moral. Morality is not imposed upon you by society. Morality is self imposed; it is something in us, and defines what constitutes a human being. I am sure that many of you have participated in team sports. Now even if you have a good game, maybe you scored all of the points, and the team won. But, at the end of the game you cheated. Well, everyone that knows you cheated now labels you a cheater. So, in the future, when it is time to play the next game no one wants you on their team. They think that you will give the team a bad name because you cheated before. Again, you might say, Who cares? All I can tell you is that if you cant play because no one wants you on their team, then you sure cant win or be successful. So since morality, whether it is fair or not is judged by those around you, you will be better off in the end if you lead a moral life. Kant says, The moral worth depends, therefore, not on the realization of the object of the action, but merely on the principle of volition according to which, without regard to any objects of the faculty of desire, the action has been done(Kant, p.13). What this great philosopher was saying, is that you cant always go for the instant reward when you are going to do something. Sometimes you have to bypass the selfish inclination and not cheat or do things that are immoral. Yes, you may not win this game, but at least you can play tomorrow and maybe win then. Moral law is universal. It is not created by anyone, it just exists. Also, moral law is a priori, or in other words, it exists before empirical law. Moral philosophy is very valuable to everyones life. Morals are proper for everyone, and since they are based on metaphysics, and metaphysics transcends differences, they are also cross cultural. Moral law has helped me be successful in everything that I do. Being a 65 year old man, I have seen a lot. I know the value of moral philosophy. Moral philosophy has helped me be successful in every thing that I have done. You may ask, How has it helped you be successful? Well, I have told you a couple of aspects of moral philosophy, and all of these aspects have helped me keep things in perspective. Financial success will come with morality, but if it doesnt, then you will still be better off because you have led a moral life. There have been times in my life when I have succumb to selfish inclination, and the results were immediately good. But ultimately, if I had been labeled as an immoral person, and was not able to do certain things because people didnt like me, than I definitely wouldnt have been the one invited to give this talk to you. By the way, I am getting paid an awful lot of money for this talk. So there is another way that morality has helped me. Happiness is not a grounding for morality, because some immoral people are happy. But, morality can lead to ultimate happiness and greater success in whatever you attempt to do in life.

Elimination of Corruption in the WA (Western Australia) Police Force E

WA (Western Australia) Police Force began their chapter in history of Australian Policing in 1829 when few constables were appointed to patrol Perth and Fremantle. The first woman police officer was appointed in 1917 for some specialised services until they were fully incorporated in 1970s (WA Police, 2011). Today WA Police mans 2.5 million square kilometres which is the largest single jurisdiction (WA Police, 2011). Currently WA Police force is under a lot of scrutiny due to numerous corruption charges against the police officers. The public has a negative perception of police force and they no longer feel secure, neither do they trust the police force to keep them safe. Issue – Corruption Probable Causes of Corruption – Different things motivate different people. Some can motivate people to perform beyond expectations and some can lead astray from moral and ethical values. When dealing with corruption, first question to ask or to clarify is what corruption is. NSW Research (2002) describes corruption anything from gaining materialistically by virtue of position (for eg. getting a special discount at stores) to engaging in ‘direct criminal activities’ (eg. selling drugs). Newburn (1999) believes that there is a thin line between the definition of ‘corrupt’ and ‘non-corrupt’ activities as at the end, it is an ethical problem. For common people, however, bribery generalises corruption. Different researches and enquiry commissions have come up with different reasons as to why corruption prevails in the police force. We will look at some of the most probable causes which apply to WA Police. Decision Making – Police officers have considerable decision making powers at their own discretion. This is true for low ranki... ...at WA Police will try to achieve. Consolidate Improvements – After a while it may seem that the change is successful, but it doesn’t takes long for the old methods to creep in. Therefore, although we should celebrate success, there cannot be slackness in the change process. New ways of evaluation and monitoring should be carried out to check the credibility of the success. Every effort should be made to find any chink in the new armour of cultural change and to repair it. Institutionalize Change in Organisational Culture – One important question is when does the process end. The successful culmination of change process is when the objectives of that process become a part of the daily organisational culture. When the next generation of management takes over, the objectives should be a part of the whole organisation and not just a single process or department. Elimination of Corruption in the WA (Western Australia) Police Force E WA (Western Australia) Police Force began their chapter in history of Australian Policing in 1829 when few constables were appointed to patrol Perth and Fremantle. The first woman police officer was appointed in 1917 for some specialised services until they were fully incorporated in 1970s (WA Police, 2011). Today WA Police mans 2.5 million square kilometres which is the largest single jurisdiction (WA Police, 2011). Currently WA Police force is under a lot of scrutiny due to numerous corruption charges against the police officers. The public has a negative perception of police force and they no longer feel secure, neither do they trust the police force to keep them safe. Issue – Corruption Probable Causes of Corruption – Different things motivate different people. Some can motivate people to perform beyond expectations and some can lead astray from moral and ethical values. When dealing with corruption, first question to ask or to clarify is what corruption is. NSW Research (2002) describes corruption anything from gaining materialistically by virtue of position (for eg. getting a special discount at stores) to engaging in ‘direct criminal activities’ (eg. selling drugs). Newburn (1999) believes that there is a thin line between the definition of ‘corrupt’ and ‘non-corrupt’ activities as at the end, it is an ethical problem. For common people, however, bribery generalises corruption. Different researches and enquiry commissions have come up with different reasons as to why corruption prevails in the police force. We will look at some of the most probable causes which apply to WA Police. Decision Making – Police officers have considerable decision making powers at their own discretion. This is true for low ranki... ...at WA Police will try to achieve. Consolidate Improvements – After a while it may seem that the change is successful, but it doesn’t takes long for the old methods to creep in. Therefore, although we should celebrate success, there cannot be slackness in the change process. New ways of evaluation and monitoring should be carried out to check the credibility of the success. Every effort should be made to find any chink in the new armour of cultural change and to repair it. Institutionalize Change in Organisational Culture – One important question is when does the process end. The successful culmination of change process is when the objectives of that process become a part of the daily organisational culture. When the next generation of management takes over, the objectives should be a part of the whole organisation and not just a single process or department.

PlayStation 3 VS Xbox 360 Essay

Although PlayStation 3 are both great systems, PlayStation 3 the better buy. Both consoles have awesome features such as 3D motion gaming, unlimited music, and online play. Only one of these consoles can be consider the best of the best. The PlayStation 3 is by far the superior console with its Blu-ray integration, amazing cell processor, and rechargeable wireless controller. The first difference is The PlayStation Network is free, whereas Xbox Live Gold charges a gamer yearly to use their services. After making one PlayStation purchase, a gamer does not have to worry about internet again. A person gets all the same features on PlayStation 3 for $250 dollars, plus forty extra gigabytes of memory. However, Xbox 360 costs $249 dollars plus fifty dollars for a one-year membership. Not including the fee of fifty dollars a person does not obtain the full features because they always have to worry about renewing their membership. Another difference is the PlayStation 3 controllers are rechargeable, while Xbox 360 controllers need batteries or other attachments. With the PlayStation 3 a gamer receive one controller with a chord to charge it. Also when the controller dies a gamer can hook it up to their PlayStation and it will still play as it charges. In contrast, a Xbox 360 does not come with a rechargeable controller, a gamer constantly has to buy batteries or pay extra for attachments. With the Playstation3 having the rechargeable controller gives a gamer more gameplay. Last but not least, PlayStation 3 graphics seem more defined, but Xbox 360 graphics are often unrealistic and cartoonish. The PlayStation has Blu-ray player for better graphics and watching movies. It’s very crisp and smooth because of the quick cell processor. On the other hand, Xbox 360 does not have Blu-ray capabilities and its processor is much slower. That makes the game’s and movie’s resolution much lower. The PlayStation 3 has faster and  more efficient technologies and that leads to better gaming experiences. Finally, with the free network that the PlayStation 3 has it will save a person more money than Xbox 360. Also having the rechargeable wireless controller with the PlayStation 3 a gamer is able to have more gameplay without worrying about paying for batteries or extra attachments. Last, even though Xbox 360 has an unlimited amount of games, its graphics are not as realistic as the PlayStation 3. In conclusion, the PlayStation 3 is by far the better gaming system to buy.

An Overview of Classical Indian Music essays

An Overview of Classical Indian Music essays Ustad Nishat Khan comes from a very musical family that plays an important role in Indian classical music. His father, Ustad Imrat Khan, was the innovator of the family. He passed the musical knowledge down through his four sons. Ustad Imrad Khan is a master of the surbahar. A surbahar is a deep-toned, sitar-like stringed instrument that was developed by his great-grandfather, Ustad Sahabdad Khan. It has a four-octave range and plays an extremely large role in Indian classical music. Imrat was taught at an early age before his father died then guided his four sons into the style of Indian classical music. Nishat Khan took up the sitar while his brothers played Indian classical music is an unbroken tradition that has been around for centuries. Indian classical music has evolved into two definite branches. One is the North Indian called Hindustani and the South Indian called Carnatic. Hindustani tradition is found in Kashmir, Punjab, and Bengal. In Pakistan and Bangladesh, the tradition has weakened in the last half a century in those countries. Carnatic is primarily found in the four southern states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Hindustani and Carantic are very similar to each other in terms of form and specific sections such as for improvisation, or a compositional section. Slight terms are different in Carantic music but the overall outline is basically the same. Some important terms used in the music are Raga. This is a melodic structure which is used to build a mood. Each raga has its own feeling and distinct mood to itself. Through meditation, the performer would visualize the personality of the raga, allowin g them to perform it with more success. Tala is another important term which refers to rhythmic cycles. These cycles range from 3 to 108 beats. Talas which share the same number of beats may have stressed on different beats. For example, a bar of 10 could be divided into 3-4-3. This allows for the p...

Fundamental Problems and Readings in Philosophy essayEssay Writing Service

Fundamental Problems and Readings in Philosophy essayEssay Writing Service Fundamental Problems and Readings in Philosophy essay Fundamental Problems and Readings in Philosophy essayThe name of Nietzsche occupies one of the leading places among the greatest philosophers till nowadays. His influences can be traced in postmodernism and existentialism. His theories and views are studied by scientists and students; his profound and sharp understanding of reality and human nature attract attention of numerous people all over the world. His most well-known theory is related to â€Å"Will of Power†. The notion of the superhuman – Uebermensh – as a key to understanding of the power, every human being is bearing inside, totally confronts the general philosophic approach , where all reasons and questions are investigated only the in the frames of sole truth. These ides are developed in his work â€Å"The Twilight of the Idols†, where the readers find Nietzsche’s strong confrontation of the Socrates’s approach of rationalism. His strongest critic of the Socrates’s views re lates to lack of life appreciation and resistance of the human instincts, because he states, that â€Å"Resisting instincts is just a sickness and not at all a way back to virtue or happiness.† (Bailey 2002). Here we are coming closer to the major point of our research, namely to the understanding of morality. One of the most vital concepts of Nietzsche was his suggestion, that morality builds the serious obstacle for enjoying of most of life passions and desires, or how he formulated it – â€Å"morality as anti-nature†.In his work Morality as Anti-Nature Nietzsche is discussing the ways, how religion and morality, spread via religion, are able to change and suppress human nature. Nowadays a lot of people are living according to some biblical rules and precepts. During the times, when Nietzsche lived, the church was considered to be even a stronger mentor for most individuals, who made their choices and selected their life directions only based on the rules, pre ached by the priests. Nietzsche was absolutely against it; he insisted, that religion didn’t consider the very nature of humanity. According to the church all people were to fight against their bad sides, whereas according to Nietzsche all people were born initially good and they didn’t need the religious rules to follow them, but rather follow their own desires and passions. The highest potential in development throughout the whole life can be reached, as Nietzsche stated, only with the help of inside passions, and never the ideals of church. The church demanded from its followers to suppress all the passions in order to become real Christians. In this way the church was exchanging the natural passions of individuals with morality. The idea of free will was also understood by Nietzsche not in the way, as it was presented by the church. The believers were supposed to follow all the God’s rules, as he was the most powerful being, at the same time, they were to ca rry responsibility for their decisions and actions. â€Å"Today we no longer have any pity for the concept of free will: we know only too well what it really is - the foulest of all theologians artifices, aimed at making mankind responsible in their sense, that is, dependent upon them. Here I simply supply the psychology of all making responsible. (Bailey 2002).At this point Nietzsche used this theory for explaining his understanding of cause and effect. â€Å"The church’s use of counterfactual causality expands to an imaginary and false perception in the mind, and people ultimately jump to conclusions, giving all the credit to a higher form or being.† (Bailey 2002). Nietzsche also criticized the situation, when instead of looking for plausible answers, the followers of the church just believed, that the word of God was the only true reason. Thus Christianity, as he wrote, was to bear the responsibility for making its followers closed minded and going against their n ature. â€Å"He ultimately believed that religion creates a concept of anti-natural morality which damages our development as humans quite greatly, eventually ending our status and right as individuals once the church gets involved† (Jacobus 13).In Nietzsche’s eyes, it was an attempt to substitute all the intelligence and natural passions, human beings were possessing, with blind and poor spirituality. In this case, he stated, that those, who could invent all such spiritual and moral restrictions, were ill-willed and not able to control their own passions. They themselves were not inclined to further intellectual and moral development, thus they used morality as anti-nature to restrict other individuals in improvement of their lives. Only individuals, who are absolutely not under control of any morality, could be referred to as ideal human beings, because their actions and choices would be based purely upon their natural passions; their judgments concerning right and w rong things would be under the influence of their inside passion only.Overall, we have studied the key notions of the Nietzsche’s theory, related to the issues of morality, which according to him is the most serious obstacle in formation of life direction, based on the natural instincts and passions. On the one hand, he could be right, saying, that morality itself is certainly restraining the activities and decisions of people, however on the other hand our ability to control our emotions and passions is the major feature, which defines us as human beings, not animals.

Towards a Web-based Application to Resolve Physical Pulse Board Issues Thesis

Towards a Web-based Application to Resolve Physical Pulse Board Issues - Thesis Example For instance, in Scrum software development as well as in Lean product development, tools for planning a project using walls and boards have been developed. These methods have so far proved to be very efficient, in so far as the visualization of the work performed, as well as the prioritization of new tasks is concerned. However, there are notable challenges in synchronization, version control and traceability among a company’s different projects. This thesis, investigates how Physical Pulse Board is used and how it can be improved through the introduction of a web-based application for elimination of difficulties of using Pulse board especially in global environment where different people from various locations might need to join the meeting. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part one set of interviews were conducted along with an observation to figure out related difficulties with the use of Physical Pulse Board especially in global environment. Following this, another set of interviews were conducted to help find out how these issues can be eliminated or resolved. Considering that good principles can never be useful, unless they are applied and used in reality, the second part of this report, a web-based application was developed to help bring improvements using Pulse Board in global environment based on the finding from the first part. It was then that evaluation of implemented software was done through a workshop with person A and Person B. It is worth noting that the two persons are the Lean Product Development Specialist chosen for market analysis given that the two had implemented the Physical Pulse Board in their organization. Two major factors which increase complexity inside companies are the number of different products that are produced by these companies, as well as physical location of their teams. This complexity imposes extra waste in different areas like inventory, processes, maintenance, quality, suppliers,

Contrast and Comparison of two Local Restaurant Service Providers Essay

Contrast and Comparison of two Local Restaurant Service Providers - Essay Example Despite being a Thai restaurant, Lotus of Siam is a reputable restaurant that has made it into almost all Las Vegas guide books. The restaurant located in a nondescript mall strip offers over one hundred and fifty choices in the menu. It is vital to get familiar with Thai meals before visiting. The place is also highly packed during peak hours, and table reservations are important to avoid long waits that can be up to two hours.Service in the Lotus of Siam is outstanding considering a large number of customers. The serving staff was helpful and not in a rush. Never at any one time did the serving staffs mix up orders and deliver food to the wrong people. However, there is room for improvement as the ten-minute wait is on the higher side. Chefs went out of their way to prepare amazing mouthwatering food that is pricey although budget friendly meals are available. The food is served hot, unlike most restaurants the soup is thick and not watered down. Also, the food is fresh and not reh eated. A wide variety of exotic wine is also available when it comes to drinks. Attention was also paid to the spice as one is required to select a spice level based on a scale of one to ten. The food had a distinctive aroma, and the general appearance of the food is inviting. The hotel setting is more of traditional dà ©cor. The interior is simple without unnecessary cluttering. Chandeliers give the right lighting without being excessively bright or dull. The other restaurant is Hash House A Go Go.

Introduction and research questions sections Assignment

Introduction and research questions sections - Assignment Example There is a salient need for restaurants to find strategies of presenting such cultural dishes, making them more appealing and acceptable. It is not an easy task for many restaurants who intend to offer traditional delicacies as they were cooked in the previous era (Axtell 15). Most of the cultures do not just consider certain foods as taboos without evidential basis, but rather based on cultural and religious beliefs. In the 21st century, hotels are striving to ensure that customers can learn to enjoy some foods regarded as taboos and enjoy their nutritional values. However, if such foods are served with the traditional labels, identifying them as taboos, customers are less likely to be interested. Restaurants are compelled to engage in rigorous research if they are to identify some of the factors contributing to viewing some foods as taboos. The value of research in any business cannot be underestimated. In the dining industry, the most critical aspect is being able to discern the customer’s preferences. When hoteliers understand the customer preferences, they can improve their services hence ensure customer loyalty. In the specific case of taboo dishes, restaurant owners should consider the presentation of the dish, its name, health benefits, and the effect of peer pressure while determining whether to eat a taboo food. Many of the taboo food present desirable nutritional values. Such foods contain elements that are needed by the body and that can serve to improve an individual’s health immensely. Therefore, it is critical for restaurants to engage in rigorous research to identify the steps that can be taken to make taboo foods acceptable (20). In order to identify the factors that determine the consumption of taboo dishes, it is critical to define research questions that will address different aspects of consumer behavior. The criticality or research questions cannot be overemphasized because they present the

Hezbollah Essay Example for Free

Hezbollah Essay Hezbollah, Arabic for â€Å"Party of God†, is also known as Islamic Jihad for the Liberation of Palestine, the Organization of the Oppressed on Earth and as the Revolutionary Justice Organization (Global Security, p. 1). Hezbollah (also Hizbullah and Hizballah) is a Lebanese social, political and paramilitary organization founded in 1982. Hezbollah’s historical and political background was the Israeli Defense Force’s presence in Lebanon (1982-2000), the Lebanese Civil War (1979-1990) and the plight of Arab Palestinians, many of whom had fled to Lebanon, where their presence â€Å"changed the historical balance between Muslims and Christians† (Bennett, 2005, p. 214). In the war, Lebanon’s various religious communities vied for power and Hezbollah was established as by Shi’a to strengthen their traditionally weak political position, with help from Iran and Syria. Committed to making Lebanon an Islamic state, to the liberation of Israeli occupied territory (which it claims means dismantling the Israeli state) Hezbollah was named a terrorist organization by the USA in 1994. One scholar describes the organization, which has seats in Parliament and in the Cabinet, runs a large social welfare program, as â€Å"a moderate, mainstream political party† (Harik, 2007, p. xiv). Harik says that Hezbollah â€Å"is considered a legitimate resistance force all over the Arab and Muslim worlds† (p. 7).   Azani discusses Hezbollah as a â€Å"social protest movement† (2009, p. 1). This raises the question whether the US is correct to label Hezbollah a â€Å"terror organization† and why it does so?   Harik says that no one has ever proved that Hezbollah has ever attacked a civilian (p. xiv) or that it was responsible for attacks on US personnel (p. 193). In responding to these questions, what follows examines the history of the organizations, its aims, programs and activities and why the US regards it as a terrorist organization. The Shi’a in Lebanon Modern Lebanon was created after World War I, when the Great Powers defeated the Ottoman Empire and divided the Middle East among themselves as League of Nations mandates. These newly created states were to be given independence when they were considered ready for self-determination. The Lebanon became a French mandate. Lebanon was religiously diverse, with Christians in a small majority, followed by Sunni Muslims, followed by the Shi’a. Under four centuries of Ottoman rule, the Shi’a were suspected being Iran’s fifth column. Consequently, the community was â€Å"impoverished and underdeveloped† (Norton, 2009, p. 12). Under the French, an attempt was made to share power between the main communities. The Marionite were given the Presidency, the Sunni the office of Prime Minister, which left the Shi’a with the Speakership, a â€Å"position with far weaker constitutional powers† (Norton, p. 12). This was based on the 1932 census, which, says Norton, was â€Å"the last official census ever conducted in Lebanon† (p. 12). This arrangement continued after independence in 1943. The Shi’a community in Beirut was very small; most lived in the south and in the Beqaa valley. Azani says that the â€Å"political awakening† of the Shi’a began in the 1960s and 1970s, led by Imam Musa al-Sadr, â€Å"a Shiite cleric with the characteristics of a religious and political leader.† Born in Iran to a Lebanse family he studied at the great centers of Shi’a learning (p. 48). From 1959, al-Sadr was Mufti of Tyre and â€Å"in less than two decades he succeeded, with strenuous activity, charisma and high rhetorical ability, in organizing the Shi’a community, characterized for hundreds of years by passivity and isolationalism, and in mobilizing it into collective activity for the realization of social and political goals† (pp. 48-49). The influx of Palestinian refugees into South Lebanon upset the traditional power of the Shi’a elite in the region. The increasing politicization of Shi’a leaders in Iran impacted their role in Lebanon. From the 1970s, the number and influence of clerics increased, with al-Sadr and the future founder of Hezbollah, Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah, leading a movement that wanted to bring about an Islamic revolution in Lebanon, following the Iranian revolution of 1979. The Lebanese Civil War and the founding of Hezbollah On the one hand, the Shi’a in Lebanon were finding their political voice, encouraged by co-religionists in Iran. On the other hand, the security situation in Lebanon was deteriorating. The tradition of good relations between communities was breaking down with Christians being depicted as pro-Israeli, while Muslims were aligned with the Palestinian cause. April 13, 1973 a Christian paramilitary group ambushed a Palestinian bus in retaliation for the killing of a Christian earlier that day (Bennett, 2005, pp. 213-5). Fighting began between different communities, Sunni, Christian, Druze and Shi’a. In 1976, unable to stop the fighting the President asked the Syrians and other Arab leaders to â€Å"end the war.† Bennett remarks that as a result of the civil war, the word â€Å"Shia† entered the Western vocabulary (p. 215). The revolution in Iran would reinforce the word’s presence in the media. It was in the context of the civil war that Hezbollah was founded. The Palestinian Liberation Army was raiding Israel from across the border. Al-Sdar mysteriously disappeared in August 1978 (Norton, 2009, p. 29). This led to Israel invading Lebanon in June 1982, and to Hezbollah’s formation. From the start, committed to liberating Palestine, Hezbollah also raided across the border. However, its immediate aim was to end Israel’s presence in Lebanon. Between spring 1983 and the summer of 1985, Hezbollah â€Å"launched an unprecedented wave of suicide bombings which included an attack on the US Embassy and US Marine branches in Beirut in October 1983 and the US Embassy annex in Beirut in September, 1984† followed by the taking of Western hostages, according to Global Security (p. 1). Hezbullah’s Aims and Structure The organization’s Consultative Council has 12 senior scholars at its head and a Directing Council under its Secretary-General.. The organization’s charter sets out three objectives: 1. to expel the Americans, the French and their allies definitely from Lebanon, putting an end to any colonial entity. 2. to submit the Phalanges [Christian militia] to a just power and bring them all to justice for the crimes they have committed against Muslims and Christians. 3. to permit all the sons of [Lebanese] people to determine their future and to choose in all liberty the form of government they desire. [Hezbollah] call[s] upon them all to pick the option of an Islamic government, which alone is capable of guaranteeing justice and liberty for all. Only an Islamic regime can stop any further attempts at imperialist infiltration (Richardson, 2006, pp. 83-4). Hezbollah and Israel From 1978, a UN force was deployed in Lebanon to oversee the withdrawal of Israeli forces under Security Council Resolution 425. However, it was not until 2000 that Israeli troops were completely withdrawn. Until then, Hezbollah carried out attacks on Israelis targets. After the withdrawal, Israeli continued to launch missile strikes and raids into Lebanon and Hezbullah â€Å"in retaliation, launched rocket attacks in Northern Israel on an almost regular basis† (Bajpai, 2006, p. 594). According to Global Security, Hezbollah â€Å"operates against Israel in four main way†: 1. brimging terrorists and collaborators through the border crossings usinf foreign documents. 2. setting up a terrorist organization inside Israel and Judea, Samaria and the Gaza strip. 3. cross-border operations – smuggling weapons and terrorists 4. financial support for Palestinian organixzations and groups. Others do not use the word â€Å"terrorist† but represent Hezbullah’s activities as legitimate resistance to Israel, which has defied UN Resolutions to withdraw from all occupied territory. Bajpai writes, â€Å"even after its formal withdrawal from Southern Lebanon in 2000, Israel engaged in frequent military incursions† (p. 594). In 2004, the UN called for the disbanding and disarming of all Lebanese militia (Resolution 1559). However, in the elections of 2005, Hizbollah won 14 seats (out of 128), and was awarded 2 cabinet posts. By 2008, Hizbollah had eleven out of thirty cabinet seats (Council on Foreign Relations, p. 1). In the 2009 election, it lost a seat but still received 10 seats in the 30 members Cabinet. Hartik says that Christians have supported Hezbollah, which makes it harder for â€Å"its enemies to float the fundamentalist stereotype of a raging gang of religious fanatics whose main aim was to put enemies of the faith to the sword† (p. 79). Other Christians are outspoken in criticizing Hezbollah as the stooge of Syria and Iran and as setting itself up as a state within the state (Azani, p. 231). As well as carrying out military or terrorist action, depending on the commentator’s perspective, it spends millions on welfare and education work, funded by Iran. In 2006, Hezbollah’s operatives crossed the Israeli border and captured two IDF soldiers. This came a month after Palestinian operatives had captured an Israeli soldier (Global Security, p. 1). In response, a 34-day war followed during which Israel launched air strikes, killing â€Å"56 citizens including 37 children† (Bajpai, 594). As a result of this war and Hezbollah’s resistance, its popularity within the Muslim world increased. The war ended with a UN brokered cease-fire and another Resolution calling for the disarming of all militia. Hezbullah did succeed in preventing a full-scale invasion. The Global Security report on Hezbollah states that in addition to funding from Iran and help from Syria, the organizatuon engaged in fund-raising around the world (p. 2). The report makes no mention of its extensive social program but the Council on Foreign Relations however describes it as a â€Å"major provider of social services† (Council on Foreign Relations, p 1.) Acts Attributed to Hezbullah In addition to the acts mentioned above, according to CFR, Hezbollah lists the 1985 hijacking of TWA flight 847 and the attacks in Argentine on the Israeli Embassy (1992) and on a Jewish community center (1994). Azani refers to links with other organizations across the globe. He lists an attempt to destroy US ships in Singapore in 1995 and arrests of members in 1997 for planning an attack in a US Embassy. The 9/11 Report said that Al-Qaeda operatives train at Hezbollah camps (p. 203). He refers to other arrests made in 1999 and in 2001 when plans to attack targets in South and North America were foiled.   He says that the global network is spread across forty countries and every continent, including Europe where activists have also been arrested. In Germany, two charities funding the organization were shut down (p. 205).   However, Hartik points out that while Western attention focuses on its â€Å"guerilla activities† in the Lebanon it is social welfare activities that attract support, making it in her view a â€Å"mainstream† organization. It has achieved more in this field, she says, than any other party (p. 81). On the other hand, it has refused to disarm. After 2001 and the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers in NY, the US has repeatedly asked Lebanon to shut Hezbollah down and to close bank accounts. Lebanon has refused to do this, claiming that Hezbollah is not a terrorist organization, which Syria also denies. Syria is one of four countries considered â€Å"state sponsors of terror† by the US State Department. In April 2010, reports began circulating that Syria had given SCUD missiles to Hezbollah. Syria denies this.

Organizational Culture In Strategic Management

Organizational Culture In Strategic Management Culture plays an important part in our society. It refers to beliefs and codes of practice that makes a community what it is. It also plays the same role in organizations. A strong organizational culture will provide stability to an organization as it has significant influence on the attitudes and behaviours of organizations members. Most of companys top managers have a strong awareness that the culture of a company is crucial to everything they do and plays irreplaceable part in their success. However, not many companies can admit that they can describe their culture and fully understand how important it is in the success of their businesses. Therefore, this paper will give a deeper insight about how an organizations culture can have a great influence on its strategic management processes. What is Organization Culture ? There are various explanations and elements to define organizational culture. For some, it means top management beliefs and values about how they should manage the organization and conduct the business (Lorsch 1986). For some, it is an evolutionary process relating to people that creates unique characters for the organization (Hatch 1993). However, in general, organizational culture has been defined as the pattern of fundamental assumptions or beliefs that a specific group has developed through learning to deal with its problems of internal assimilation and external adaptation, and that have been approved to work effectively, and therefore it can be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, feel and behave in relation to those problems (Schein 2009). The Importance of Organizational Culture in Strategic Management : Considering the importance of organizational culture and its impacts in strategic management is very essential. As organizational culture and strategies are both social processes, many strategists argue that culture and strategies are connected. According to Alvesson (2002), cultural dimension plays a vital role in all aspects of an organization. It is so impacting that it can determine the success and failure of an organization. In leadership concept, organizational culture has been identified as one the important components that strategic leaders can use to develop dynamic organization. Culture reflects the way in which people in an organization set objectives, manage their resources and perform their tasks. Culture also affects people behaviour unconsciously. Even in those organizations where the ideal of organizational culture do not receive much explicit attention, how people think, feel, value, believe and behave in a company are generally influenced by ideas, beliefs and perce ption of a cultural nature. According to Schein (2010), organizational leaders achieve success by constantly sending clear signals about their priorities, beliefs and values. Once culture is established and accepted, they become a strong management tool for leaders to communicate and energize their members with beliefs and values to do their jobs in a strategy supportive manner. When leaders succeed in promotion ethical culture in the organization, they will also become successful in organizational growth and consequently are competitive to their rivals. Therefore, it is very important to develop a strong culture in the organization as well as strategies that are suitable to the culture in order to be strengthened by it. If a particular strategy does not match with the organization culture, it could be almost impossible to accomplish expected outcome from the planned strategy. Organizational Culture, Vision and Mission in Strategic Management : One of the perspective to look at how organizational culture supports strategic management is through its influence on organizations missions and visions. Missions and visions play an important part in companys strategic management. According to Harrison and John (2010), a written mission statement is one of the most common way that managements use to communicate with their staffs about strategic direction. Generally, missions and visions state the companys purpose and values which provides ideals and direction for the company as it interacts with the marketplace. This will not only give a sense of purpose to internal and external stakeholders but also help them in resource allocation decisions which is very for carrying out companys strategy management. However, in order to have an effective missions and visions, managements need to connect them to organizational culture. In fact, one of the way to see an organizations culture through its reflection in core values (Schein 2010). Acc ording to Tocquigny and Butcher (2012), core values are the set of belief or ideology by which an organization operates. They are the foundation of organizational culture. In this fast paced era when everything is changing, core values are still constant. The organization may develop new strategies, policies or even significantly restructure; however, the fundamental identity of the company still remains intact. These values are the essential, foundational principles that will guide the organizations vision, mission and strategies as well as define and differentiating the organization from its competitors (Senske 2003). They create a foundation of attitudes and practices that every members have to agree to follow in order to support the vision and long term success of the organization. They also provide reference points and goals which allows organization to shape and strengthen its business. As internalized perception and beliefs can motivate staffs performance to exceptional level s, an effective strategic leaders need to understand and develop their intended implemented strategies that are suitable to organizational culture in order to pursue the vision of organizations leaders. Until organization decides what those cultural values are, and how they will interact with each other, ità ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s very difficult to do anything else, whether setting goals, establishing measurements, solving problems or even making decision effectively. One example about how organizational culture can support companys vision and mission is Facebook. Facebook is described as a cutting edge technology that constantly taking on new challenges in the worlds of milliseconds and terabyte. Their vision for the company is to create a fast changing and innovative company. They do not aim for perfection that requires a long time in order to launch the product but they weigh heavily on being able to make and ship products quickly, get customers feedback and continue to innovate it. In order to encourage creativity and innovation within the company, Facebooks culture created by Zuckerberg is a relaxed, unstructured and open culture. Employees can come and go as they please, with no standard work schedules which results in more employee freedom. If employees need to chill out, they can play video or table-top games. Collaboration and teamwork are encouraged to be in an informal communication and atmosphere. They also constantly encourage people to keeping things fresh, innovative and interesting, to be bold in experimenting new ideas, without any meddling from above. All of these have fostered for a fun-loving, casual and creative working environment which makes their staffs satisfied while achieving their goal to be a rapid innovative technology company (Robbins and Judge 2011). Organizational Culture as Competitive Advantage in Strategic Management : Another reason that makes culture become a determinant of business success or failure is due to its contribution in organizations competitive advantage. Creating and sustaining competitive advantage in a particular industry is always the major concern in organizations strategic management. This is because competitive advantage will help the organization to differentiate itself from its competitors while strengthening its position in the market place. According to McDonald and Gandz (1992), culture can contribute positively to the competitive advantage of companies. It can be a great tool for organization to increase their level of performance which makes it become more competitive in market place. Fernandez and Hogan (2003) have stated that culture is the underlying attitudes and beliefs that can strongly influence individual and group behaviour. When members in an organization share the same beliefs and values, they can understand what kind of attitudes they expect themselves and ot her people to show in working place as well as how they need to behave and react in particular situation in order cooperate well with each other. As they understand what the company is trying to accomplish, it will motivate them to work for a higher purpose which in turn helps to set an organization apart from the competition (Gilmartin 1999). Managements can also use organizational culture as an effective tool to dictate, control and manage employee behaviours in their strategic management (Sinha 2008). In fact, this is a more powerful way of managing employee than companys rules and regulations. Leaders in the company can use culture to influence, educate and shape their staff s mindset and attitude to gain their support in following the companys plan and procedure while reducing resistance in the organization. Having a strong, positive and strategy-supportive culture will affect the energy, enthusiasm, working habits and operating practices of employees which will not only booste r the efficiency and effectiveness in the department but also attract many people to work in the organization while reducing their staff turnover, hiring and training cost which results in yielding a competitive advantage. Not only contribute to companys competitive advantage , organizational culture also sustains the companys competitive advantage. As a company starts to experience the superior financial performance, its competitors will also starts to seek to copy what they believe is the source of competitive advantage that generates the success of the company. After examining the relationship between culture and superior financial performance, Barney (1986) concluded that culture is the factor that can help companies to generate sustained competitive advantage. He strongly believes that a strong and valuable organizational culture is one of the most sustainable competitive advantages a company can have. This is because a valuable and rare cultures is very difficult to imitate. Giving enough time and money, competitors can duplicate almost everything what an has done. They can hire away some of the companys best people. They can reverse engineer the companys processes. However, when it comes to orga nizational culture, they canà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t duplicate the organizations culture. It is very hard for people to define culture clearly, especially in respect of its contribution to value of companys product and service. Another reason for this is that culture is usually related to historical aspects of company development as well as to the vision, beliefs and inspiration from particular strategic leaders. Organizational culture is the uniqueness and the identity of an organization that will differentiate the company from its competitors. If companies know how to make use of culture in their strategic management, it will be a powerful tool for them to sustain their competitiveness and consistence in the market while helping them to achieve success in their strategy implementation. Even when rivals try to apply the firms cultural attributes, there will be no guarantee that they can produce the same culture or obtain superior financial performance just like what the company has achieved. A good example to illustrate this point is Zappos company. Knowing that customers nowadays not only focus on good products but they also demand excellent service from the outlets, Zapposs strategic plan is to build a long term brand that not just about shoes, clothing or online retailing but to be about the best customer service and the best customer experience. To be able to achieve this goal, Zappos believes that organizational culture is the only answer. They believe that if they can get the culture right, most of other stuffs such as great customer service, or passionate employees, or building great long term brand will naturally happen on its own. In order to make employees to deliver an excellent service, instead of just using rules and procedures like other companies to educate staffs, the managements in here have shaped their staffs mindset and attitude by using culture to transmit their message to their staffs. Zappos have created a culture that encourages employees to wow e ach other by being yourself, as crazy or weird as possible, showing your care and love for other people, and just having fun in the workplace. As the employees start to be wowed by their colleagues, they will automatically want to do the same thing for other people, especially for their customers. This culture not only makes employees to be happy in their workplace but it also encourages staffs to be creative and enthusiastic in wowing their customers which results in increase in their repeated customers and their sale performance. This culture is something unique that people usually do not find in other companies which makes it attractive to their staffs as well as to other people to work in Zappos. It becomes a competitive advantage of Zappos which cannot be copied by other competitors. It makes Zappos become more competitive and differentiate themselves from their rivals in the market place (Hsieh 2010). Organizational Culture and Strategic Decision Making : Another perspective for managements to consider about the importance of their organizational culture in strategic management is its impact on their strategic decision making. As it has been mentioned above, culture is the organization s identity, values, beliefs that influences how people, from managements to employees, behave in the organization. Therefore, Thompson and Martin (2005) have concluded that organizational culture is the heart of all strategy creation and implementation. Organizational culture provides the framework for the organization, which affects nearly all the organizational activities, from the execution of strategy to the acceptance and implementation of new processes (Soyer, kabak and Asan 2007; Hill 2009; Cumming and Worley 2009). For managements, culture affects their behaviour unconsciously. It affects the choice, incidence and application of the modes of strategy creation, which reflects the values and preferences of the strategic leader. Managements do thin g in particular ways because it is implicitly expected behaviour influenced by organizational culture. Culture also influences the selection of people for particular jobs, which results in affecting the way in which tasks are carried out and decisions are made. In addition, it influences the ability of a leader to deliver his or her ideal and vision to other members of the organization as well as gaining their support and commitment when it comes to applying new strategy in the organization. In order to have a successful strategy implementation, it requires the right attitude, approach and commitment from employees which can only be influenced by culture. When a strategy match with companys culture, the culture will become a valuable ally in strategy implementation and execution. When it is not a part of the change strategy, management will usually find it difficult to implement the strategy successfully as well as achieving their target (Lawson and Ventriss 1992). Berry (1983) also believes that it may be a wiser choice for managements to select a business or strategy that will fit their companys organizational culture well in order to shift the firm toward a new strategy instead of accomplishing cultural change, which can be very difficult to achieve. Therefore, it is very important to identify the existing cultural dimensions of the organization in order to achieve successful strategy implementation. Organizational culture can be a powerful source to support companys strategy but at the same time, it can also become a great barrier to leaders if they do not consider it carefully. By understanding the elements of organizational culture and its impact on peoples behaviour, I believes that strategic leaders will be better equipped to make wise decision in making and implementing strategies to their organization. One example about how culture influences strategic decision is Walmart. In Walmart, their philosophy is to offer customers a lower price than they can get in anywhere else. Its culture is based on low cost end of every transaction in order to make profit, not from the pricing end. With the principle of saving is important as pricing, the plan has always been to drive costs out of the system in the stores, from the manufacturers profit margins, and from merchandise brokers and other middlemen, all in the service of driving down prices at the retail level, in order for Walmart to sell more, increasing the amount of business with the vendor. In order to keep their expense low, Walmart limits its store locations to rural communities with a maximum population of 10,000. This will not only hold down real estate costs but also protect the company from heavy competition in metropolitan areas. They also try to find healthy suppliers that can provide timely deliveries at low prices. Management s in here also constantly check their competitors price to make sure that Walmart offer the best drive. All of these strategic decisions support the main principle and target which is saving costs as much as possible in order to offer lowest prices in the market (Refrigerated Transporter 2002). Conclusion : In conclusion, I firmly believe that there is a strong connection between organizational culture and strategic management. Every organization has its own unique culture. It is not only the organizations identity but also the philosophy, principles that every member in organization believe and value, which affects not only peoples attitude in the organization but also the strategic decision making and management in the company. If vision and mission of organizations leaders is the goal that the company is aiming, then I believe that culture will be the compass that leads company to achieve that goal. Without the support from organizational culture, it may be impossible for companies to achieve their intended result. Culture also plays an important role in companys competitive advantage. It is a vital element that will helps organization to protect and sustain their competitive advantage from their competitors. As organization keeps building, treasuring their culture as well as careful ly considering and applying it to their strategic management, I believe that the company will be able to accomplish their goal and their leaders vision.